Equity in Public Financing of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Analysis from Indonesia, Mongolia and Viet Nam

To contribute to the understanding of public financing of WASH in the region, the WASH and Social Policy programmes of UNICEF East Asia and Pacific Regional Office (EAPRO) engaged Oxford Policy Management (OPM) to undertake a study of WASH financing in Mongolia, Indonesia and Viet Nam. This study contributes to a growing body of knowledge on national WASH financing from Public Expenditure Reviews (PERs) and Service Delivery Assessments (SDAs) by the World Bank and WHO-led GLAAS Track-Fin, tracking changes in institutions and financing. The study addresses a significant knowledge gap on WASH financing at the local government level. For example, the study notes that central government financing of public WASH assets on behalf of local governments and their service providers (whether local government or community-owned) has contributed to an awkward build–neglect–rebuild cycle which is characterized by deteriorating WASH service delivery standards.